Corporate finance free essay sample

Foundation of Company MCI correspondence partnership was a media transmission organization found in 1963. To start with the marketable strategy of MCI was to develop a gathering of microwave hand-off stations that permit constrained range two-way radios sign to move. Which means giving significant distance media communications. In 1971, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) permitted those significant distance organizations contend and attempt to break out ATT’s imposing business model telephone utility in the U. S. MCI needed to become further, anyway the ATT would not like to give interconnection administrations which MCI required. Subsequently, MCI sued ATT in 1974 and later won the claim and FCC power ATT to offer support to MCI , accordingly MCI proceed with its development on its own system construct. Prior to 1974, MCI was not benefit excessively yet is all change dependent on their effective business methodology, knew as â€Å"Execunet† administration they offer reasonable support of those clients who couldn't bear the cost of ATT’s administration. We will compose a custom article test on Corporate account or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page MCI effectively pulled in independent venture client and private to utilize their administrations. Because of that achievement methodology MCI going to truly productive. Therefore, MCI saw a truly elevated potential development opportunity that could carry the organization to an alternate level. Be that as it may, they discover the need more assets and money to help the development. ATT is MCI’s significant contender. Also, ATT separate its business , ATT now contend with MCI in the neighborhood phone business, the methods MCI must increase their rate in the nearby business, however at same time ATT left a major cake on its piece of the overall industry that MCI could toke from them. SWOT examination Before ATT separate, MCI has qualities on its Execunet administration, and reasonably lower charge in their neighborhood organize administrations. Their shortcoming is shy of capital and pieces of the pie which control by ATT. Their chances was development execunet administrations. They likewise face dangers, for example, rivalry from ATT. Before ATT break out: Some of the SWOT investigation have switched after ATT separate. Presently their qualities next to execunet administration is their high stock worth and enormous measure of money close by. Their shortcomings are still absence of venture capital and piece of the overall industry. Be that as it may, they do have openings on take over ATT’s piece of the overall industry, likewise their advantage inclusion proportion is high. The dangers they are confronting is incredible rivalry from ATT and different firms. After ATT break out: Financial technique and Analysis At starting MCI was a very hazard organization, and like all other high hazard organization, MCI had high loan cost to cover its high hazard. They offer a put warrants on their stock offers to get credits from financial specialists. They likewise utilize a duty misfortune to deduct their expense sum when the achievement Execunt methodology to kick in. This technique produced a lot of income. Another approach to rise subsidize for MCI is by selling its convertible favored stock. Favored stock is a sheltered speculation device, it offer financial specialists profit and at same time permit them to change over to regular stock in a specific transformation rate. By issue these convertible favored stock, MCI can rise capital, yet in addition keep the high incentive on its basic stock. The profit paid to financial specialist can likewise turn into a duty shield due to MCI still convey forward expense misfortunes. Another incredible utilization of convertible favor stock is that MCI can call an arrangement and financial specialists need to change over their offers to basic stock, this activity can keep the incomes tie. MCI can give favored stock and convert to regular stock later. MCI took parcel of obligation to get progressively capital they need, yet the beneficial thing is they are truly productive, and their stock is in high worth, and kept on developing. This would effectively to cover their enthusiasm from the obligation. This is a very hazard move, by taking obligation to use the organization and afterward issue convertible incline toward stock and convert it to basic stock and take obligation once more. In such a case that the organization isn't developing, they won't have the option to cover its advantage installment. The chief worth more reserve over the danger of high intrigue installment. It turns out they are right in this activity. Be that as it may, later on, they need to reconsider of their situation to proceed with be serious and developing. The organization have a current 55-60% obligation in their capital structure, I think despite the fact that this level can keep their development, yet for the drawn out they have to locate a superior method to rise support and ideally pay off their obligation to 40% later on. With lower obligation proportion, organization could be a superior position when they are not development as quick as they were previously. MCI were confronting incredible rivalry from ATT and other new section organizations. Four alternatives for MCI in 1983 to rising capital According to Exhibit 6 working on this issue, in the 1983, the stock cost is $43 on March. In the choice A: $400 Million basic stock. In spite of the fact that this choice could raise $400 million money to the organization, yet more offers issue may cause the current stock cost fall, that would harm the current investor, and a similar time the market estimation of value will rise lead to the expense of value increment, in this manner this is certainly not a generally excellent alternative if there is another pick. The following alternative B: $500 million of 12. 5% multi year subjected debentures, this alternative gives $100 million overflow over the choice An, in any case, MCI ‘s obligation proportion is now exceptionally high, and if the organization quit developing extremely quick it could lead some genuine income issue to the organization, as the outcome, this is definitely not a decent choice as well. The choice C: $600 million convertible at 7. 625% more than 20 years with transformation at 54 for each offer. This choice give $600 million money which is $100 million higher than alternative B, at same time the loan fee is a lot of lower than 12.5% in choice B, and this is a preferred position. Likewise, the organization can change over is previously the value reach $54 from the $43(April 1983). In the event that is a generally excellent alternative, MCI can take this arrangement and convert it from obligation to value once the value hit $54, by doing this, MCI can pay off their obligation and fulfill their need of cash-flow to development. The last alternative D: $1 billion of a unit bundle comprising of a $1000 of 7. 5 %, multi year subjected debenture and 18. 18 warrants, each qualifying the holder for buy one portion of MCI regular stock for $55. This alternative gives MCI the best measure of money over all other choice, and furthermore with the least premium. Close to that, the warrant in this alternative gives organization an approach to secretive ahead of schedule by the warrant( if stock value reach $55). That gives the organization greater liquidity. So with everything taken into account, the choice D is the best choice that chief should take for MCI. Prescribe Finance venture to MCI has been entirely beneficial, how every they are confronting more rivalry and openings particularly after the ATT break out. They need a great deal of reserve to proceed with development and take more pieces of the pie, so they ought to do precisely they been doing before, which is taking obligation and incognito it to value( regular stock) and take new obligation. Be that as it may, in light of the fact that they are truly beneficial , they should diminish their obligation level and keep up in a specific level if the stock value prop up the correct way. By doing this, they can get enough capital and catch the potential development openings.

Bless Me Ultima Tony Essay Example For Students

Favor Me Ultima Tony Essay Favor Me Ultima TonyBlood turns into the waterway. Mankind kicks the bucket and just the she-goats and the he-goats stay (176). The lake broke with giggling of frenzy and the apparitions stood and strolled upon the shore (120). Who dares dream such grisly pictures? Just Antonio Marez. He contends with God and the Virgin Mary. He drives with the dead; the dead approaches him for favors. Exactly who is this Tony individual! You probably won't accept this is just a multi year old child, yet he is the saint of Rudolfo Anayas Bless Me, Ultima. Tony is valiant, and this fearlessness now and again mirrors his inquisitively gifted nature. Intelligent he will be, he despite everything is in steady mental inner conflict. At the point when I state Tony is valiant, I dont imply that he battles evil spirits or murder mythical beasts, but instead that he represents what he accept is correct and he isn't hesitant to go to extraordinary measures to ensure his loved ones. He shows that he is a man of the llano when he doesnt run from a battle in any event, when gone up against with Horse, the infamous domineering jerk (37). Tony likewise faces a horde for Florence; everybody needs to rebuff Florence for not having confidence in God (214) and Tony drives the group away and won't give Florence the atonement that Florence doesn't merit. Despite the fact that Tony realizes that he will be given the Indian torment (214), he despite everything supports his companion. Anaya frequently presents Tony as a reliant character, never needing to be away from the insurance of his mom (51); truth be told, hes so near his mom that it appears that hes experiencing Oedipuss Complex. Anaya really does this to expand the effect of Tonys boldness. One may expect Tony to remain in his covert brambles when Tenorio is standing so close; be that as it may, when Tony hears that Tenorio realizes the best approach to murder Ultima, the idea to caution Ultima supercedes his dread and urges his legs to get and run home (255). At attempting times, he remained by Ultima and would have cut out to ensure Ultima (138). As a rule, Tonys grit mirrors his inquisitive and bright nature. For instance, he races to the scaffold where the criminal Lupito covers up in light of the fact that he is interested about Lupitos circumstance (22). The main thing he ponders about when he witnesses Lupitos demise is the place was Lupitos soul? (26) , and this shows how profound Tonys contemplations are. As of now at age seven, he thinks on an otherworldly level. Generally, little youngsters don't want to comprehend strict implications and virtues, yet Tony is unique. The majority of his considerations reflect high mental turn of events. Indeed, even his fantasies are observers to his otherworldliness. Grown-ups don't dream of God saying Vengeance is Mine! (173) or whether the absolution water is extremely heavenly water (120). The incorporation of dreams is really supernatural authenticity, a complex gadget that Anaya uses to overpower the perusers with the topics and to communicate the implications of the subjects i n an increasingly affected way. Tonys dreams shows his intuition as well as his strict clashes. Maybe the most intriguing quality of Tony is his irresoluteness towards everything. It appears as though he is consistently in disarray. His first dream depicts his frailty about his character. It is safe to say that he is a fine vaquero or a rancher cleric (5)? On one side is his mom and on the other is his dad. Who would it be a good idea for him to turn into? He is additionally confounded about which God to have confidence in-the Golden Carp or the Catholic God? He wonders about the brilliant agnostic god (114), and yet fears the God who couldn't pardon delinquents (138). Simultaneously he doesn't get underhanded and great. He doesn't comprehend why God can't excuse the great Narciso while the Virgin Mary can pardon the malevolence Tenorio (173). To additionally confound him, Tony sees Andrew in Rosies (166) and recollects that Andrew has once let him know in Tonys dream that he will pause and not enter until Tony loses his guiltlessness (71). Tonys conviction that blamelessness i s always (71) is broken, yet on the opposite side, his mom additionally says to him that he is as yet guiltless on the grounds that you are honest when you don't have the foggiest idea (71) and the cleric says you are honest until you comprehend (71). Anyway, would he say he is guiltless or not? He doesn't realize whether to lose or keep his confidence. .u939c0ceac062d4d181b602e59b717394 , .u939c0ceac062d4d181b602e59b717394 .postImageUrl , .u939c0ceac062d4d181b602e59b717394 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u939c0ceac062d4d181b602e59b717394 , .u939c0ceac062d4d181b602e59b717394:hover , .u939c0ceac062d4d181b602e59b717394:visited , .u939c0ceac062d4d181b602e59b717394:active { border:0!important; } .u939c0ceac062d4d181b602e59b717394 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u939c0ceac062d4d181b602e59b717394 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u939c0ceac062d4d181b602e59b717394:active , .u939c0ceac062d4d181b602e59b717394:hover { haziness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u939c0ceac062d4d181b602e59b717394 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relativ e; } .u939c0ceac062d4d181b602e59b717394 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .u939c0ceac062d4d181b602e59b717394 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u939c0ceac062d4d181b602e59b717394 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enrichment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u939c0ceac062d4d181b602e59b717394:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u939c0ceac0 62d4d181b602e59b717394 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u939c0ceac062d4d181b602e59b717394-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u939c0ceac062d4d181b602e59b717394:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: What do you think makes an ideal home EssayTonys three qualities are obviously shown in the novel. He is courageous, intelligent, and as a rule confounded. It is intriguing that these qualities don't matter to small kids for the most part. Tony is a remarkable character, and is destined to be a student or a curandura like Ultima. Be that as it may, Tony is a notable individual to consider in light of the fact that he addresses numerous significant ordinary thoughts that apply to social issues.

Why Students Should Start A Blog

Why Students Should Start A Blog Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Why Students Should Start A BlogUpdated On 12/10/2015Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : BloggingShort URL : http://hbb.me/1hzjFDy CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogI sternly believe that blogging has a great future and having tonnes of students addicted to Internet, they can start blogging and even they can make it as their career, if they work hard.Through Blogging you can show your true personality and you can stand out from the crowd. The results are amazing and you will be surely surprised by it!At present, if you are doing nothing, then you MUST try the art of blogging. It is better than doing nothing and you will never stop it!Stop preparing your resume and start preparing your blog. Believe me, you need more than a resume to get a job now! ??Top Reasons Why Students Should Start A Blog Right Away1. Engineering? : If you are doing engineering, you have my sympathies ma te. Then you must move on and read rest of this article! ??2. Low Budget : You dont have to invest much. Blogging is very affordable.3. Resume : Your blog will be your resume. Believe me, employers love it. They will be extremely satisfied if you have good skills like writing and, blogging is the best way to prove it. You can proudly mention blogging in your resume.4. Earn While You Study : Most of the students go to part time jobs to earn money, both for personal and academic use. If they have a blog (with good content), they dont need to worry, they can easily make money through Google Adsense and Reviews. If youre really committed towards blogging, the kind of income you will earn is immeasurable.5. Impress Others : Some people create blog to earn money, some do it for passion and some to impress others. Many people try something to impress others and blogging is one among them.6. Improve Your Skills : Yes, you can improve your writing and editing skills. Blogging is a great way to improve your skills, especially in writing and editing part. You can compare your old articles with new articles and see how much you have improved. You can improve your proofreading and validation skills too.7. Good Experience : Blogging is real and in reality, it is almost similar to business. You have to promote and market it to others. You can use these skills in real life.8. Your Career? : Who knows? Many people were not interested to become a full time blogger, but, it could quickly turn into one. If you are addicted to blogging and if you know the tactics, you will soon become a problogger!READHOW TO: Write 15 Blog Posts A Day9. Connections : You can maintain good relationship with as many personalities as possible. They include entrepreneurs, CEOs, probloggers, freelancers and so on. If you need a job you can find a good one through the connections you have made and this wont be possible without having your blog.10. Approaches : If you are a steady blogger, opportunities will knock at your door. If you are approached by someone for interview for the first time, trust me, that joy will be immeasurable.11. Learning : Being a blogger you can learn lot of new things. Blogging teaches you many things and if you are writing about gadgets, by the end of the year, you will probably become a gadget expert and you would have known many things about gadgets.12. You Wont Lose Anything : Yup, you dont have to invest too much money also. It is quite simple to become a blogger and you wont lose anything.13. Companies Will Hire You : People who are proficient in blogging and social media will be hired by Top Level companies.14. Improves Creativity : You can easily improve your creativity by finding a new subject to write about. You can also improve it by tweaking your blog design and the manner you promote your blog! ??I hope you would have understood the benefits and the mass of blogging. Below I also mentioned some blogging tips for college and school students. Essential Blogging Tips For College And School Students1. Dont bunk your classes. College is a place where you can learn and blogging is one of the places where you can apply it. So dont bunk, attend them. Degree is important!2. Promote Your Blog. Spread your blogs brand all over your college. Tell your friends about your blog and ask them suggestions.3. Attend Bloggers meet and Camps. You will still be a frog in a well if you dont attend them. ( Thanks Arun! 8) ) Register for these events and interact with them in group and open discussions.4. Read Other Blogs. Find blogs related to your blogs niche and start reading it! Analyze the style and presentation of the articles present there.5. Stick with your schedule. Create a time table and fix a time for blogging. Dont do blogging after midnight.You can also check out Anja Skrbas free Blogging guide to understand it better. So how is your experience being a student cum blogger? Please share it in the comments! ??

Contrast of Beliefs in Sophocles´ Antigone - 762 Words

Being able to be a brave and narrow-minded is not an easy or usual characteristic. But, author Sophocles seems to portray this characteristic flawlessly in the play Antigone. In Antigone, King Creon decides Eteocles should have a proper burial while Polyneices should just be left to rot after these two brothers have a brutal fight and anyone who buries Polyneices should be punished. But, their sister Antigone opposes this and decides to go against Creon’s word and buries Polyneices. When Creon finds out he goes through an internal conflict trying to decide if he should punish his own niece or let the situation goes. The play has many tragedies that happen in a domino effect and change Creon’s view. In the play, Creon and Antigone often have contrasting viewpoints in certain beliefs and situations. With Creon being the Antagonist and Antigone being the protagonist, the two have clashing beliefs in. The main conflicting beliefs are in their views of laws, the burial of Po lyneices, and conflicting personalities. By example, Creon and Antigone have conflicting viewpoints in their beliefs of laws. Antigone believes moral laws developed from gods while Creon believes in moral laws developed from him. Creon says, â€Å"It seems that prophets have made me their especial province, all my life long I have been a kind of butt for the dull arrows of doddering fortunetellers! No, Teiresias: If your birds - if the great eagles of God himself should carry him stinking bit by bit to heaven, IShow MoreRelatedWho Is More Tragic, Creon or Antigone?863 Words   |  4 Pagesvaliantly fought for his country and for his beliefs, and even when Pat died in Afghanistan in 2004, his memory lives on in the minds of many people. According to Aristotle, the hero is not a true hero like Pat Tillman, but rather a person who has serious flaws that lead to the downfall of the character. In Antigone, both Creon and Antigone share some tragic elements: tragic hero, hamartia, hubri s, and nemesis. However, Creon is a more tragic hero than Antigone because his character has tragic elementsRead MoreThe Conflict Of Sophocles Antigone1500 Words   |  6 PagesSophocles’ Antigone centers around a familial feud that develops between Antigone and Creon when Antigone decides to bury her brother and Creon’s niece, Polyneices. While Antigone believes that it is her religious and familial duty to bury her brother, Creon objects, citing the Theban civil war which took place right before the events of the play. Adhering to Greek literary tradition, Sophocles ultimately seeks not just to entertain the audience but also to teach a moral lesson, in this case aboutRead MoreEssay about Gender Bias Critic of Antigone1724 Words   |  7 PagesA Gender Bias Approach to Antigone Just as one stone removed can break a bridge, one flaw can bring a man to ruins. The flaw of one man cannot bring down an entire kingdom, but rather one outlook of the king can lead to the demise of the whole. In Sophocles epic tragedy, Antigone, a strong gender bias is present throughout the tragedy, and is partially responsible for the downfall of the king. To Sophocles the king is not always representative of the people, but acts on his own personal desiresRead MoreBlood Bonds, Antigone, and The Eumenides Essay878 Words   |  4 PagesBlood Bonds, Antigone, and The Eumenides Every human on this earth has a bond to another. These bonds, as well as their significance, differ between people. This paper will focus on the bonds of marriage and blood, and their role in the plays Antigone and The Eumenides. How do they relate to each other? Is one more important than the other? How does the divine and mortal world interpret these? Through a review of the two plays and a comparison of their presentation of the bonds of blood andRead MoreSophocles As A Master Of Character Development1497 Words   |  6 PagesSophocles is one of the three great Athens tragic playwrights in Greek history. He has written over 120 plays in which they were performed into three tragedies known as the â€Å"Oedipus the King†. Although he has written 123 plays there are only seven of his tragedies remaining and with only a few titles and fragments remaining. The seven tragedies include Ajax, Antigone, Trachinian Women, Oedipus the King, Electra, Philoctetes, Oedipus at Colonus, a nd Trackers. Sophocles was considered to be a masterRead More Sophocles’ Oedipus Cycle – Antigone, as a Feminist Essay1380 Words   |  6 PagesSophocles’ Oedipus Cycle – Antigone, as a Feminist Throughout history, women have always stood in the shadows of men. In many cultures, the role of women has always been to be seen and not heard. As one of the first feminists in world literature, the character Antigone, of Sophocles’ Oedipus Cycle, displays fine characteristics of a great female leader in order to stand up against male dominance for her religious, political, and personal beliefs. When the king denies her brother, Polynices,Read MoreRejecting Gender Roles In Sophocless Antigone1262 Words   |  6 PagesRejecting Gender Roles in Antigone Human nature dictates that conformity is a safer choice than expressing individuality. When placed in a situation where one must either remain silent or speak their mind and face severe consequences, there is much less risk in taking the first option. Sophocles, an Athenian tragedian from the fifth century BC, confronted this theme throughout one of his most popular works: Antigone. In the play, the title character must decide if she should honor her brother andRead MoreAnalysis Of Oedipus The King And Antigone1170 Words   |  5 Pagescivilizations such as Athens, women were looked down upon and this battle to leave behind tradition proved to be almost if not fatal. Sophocles Oedipus the King and Antigone exemplify three distinct female Athenian characters who approach this battle with different fronts. Through analysis of Ismene, Antigone and Jocasta’s distinct characters, the reader better understands how Sophocles uses a feminine voice to break away from the tradition d iscerned in Athenian life to advocate for the rise of a matriarchalRead MoreAntigone And Creon As A Tyrant1452 Words   |  6 Pages Antigone takes place just after a war between Antigone’s two brothers, Eteocles and Polynices. Eteocles fought on the side of Thebes whereas Polynices resembled an invader. Afterwards, Eteocles is buried and seen as honorable. However, Polynices is denied a proper burial because he is considered a traitor to Thebes. In this play, Sophocles uses Antigone and Creon as foils by characterizing Antigone as a martyr and Creon as a tyrant to urge the reader to realize that one’s own morals are more significantRead More A Comparison of Moral Conflict in Antigone and A Dolls House1479 Words   |  6 PagesConflict Between Individual Morals and State Laws in Antigone and A Dolls House  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mother, should I trust the government?   Or should I trust myself?   This dilemma is a common one in a great deal of literature.   In Antigone and A Doll’s House, the main theme is the question of whether one should be true to oneself or true to one’s state or society.   Should Nora (in A Doll’s House) and Antigone (in Antigone) â€Å"follow the rules† and do what the state and society want them to do or

Helen Keller Quotes That Inspire

Although Helen Keller lost her sight and hearing at an early age, she lived a long and productive life as an author and activist. She was a pacifist during World War I and a socialist, an advocate for womens rights and a member of the fledgling American Civil Liberties Union. Helen Keller traveled to 35 countries during her lifetime to support the rights of the blind. Her indomitable spirit saw her through her handicap. Her words speak of the wisdom and strength that was the essence of her life. Helen Kellers Thoughts on Optimism Keep your face to the sunshine and you cannot see the shadows. Optimism is the faith that leads to achievement. Nothing can be done without hope and confidence. Believe. No pessimist ever discovered the secrets of the stars or sailed to an uncharted land or opened a new heaven to the human spirit. What I am looking for is not out there; it is in me. When one door of happiness closes, another opens; but often we look so long at the closed door that we do not see the one which has been opened for us. Be of good cheer. Do not think of todays failures, but of the success that may come tomorrow. You have set yourself a difficult task, but you will succeed if you  persevere, and  you will find a joy in overcoming obstacles. Never bend your head. Always hold it high. Look the world right in the eye. The Importance of Faith Faith is the strength by which a shattered world shall emerge into the light. I believe in the immortality of the soul because I have within me immortal longings. It gives me a deep, comforting sense that things seen are temporal and things unseen are eternal. About Ambition It is for us to pray not for tasks equal to our powers, but for powers equal to our tasks, to go forward with a great desire forever beating at the door of our hearts as we travel toward our distant goal. One can never consent to creep when one feels an impulse to soar. The Joy of Companionship Walking with a friend in the dark is better than walking alone in the light. Relationships are like Rome—difficult to start out, incredible during the prosperity of the golden age, and unbearable during the fall. Then, a new kingdom will come along and the whole process will repeat itself until you come across a kingdom like Egypt ... that  thrives  and continues to flourish. This kingdom will become your best friend, your soul mate and your love. Our Ability We can do anything we want if we stick to it long enough. I am only  one; but  still, I am one. I cannot do everything, but  still, I can do something. I will not refuse to do something I can do. I long to accomplish a great and noble task, but it is my chief duty to accomplish small tasks as if they were great and noble. When we do the best we can, we never know what miracle is wrought in our life or in the life of another. Thoughts on Life The best and most beautiful things in life cannot be seen, not touched, but are felt in the heart. We would never learn to be brave and patient if there were only joy in the world. What we have once enjoyed we can never lose. All that we love deeply becomes a part of us. Life is a succession of lessons which must be lived to be understood. Life is an exciting business, and most exciting when it is lived for others. Believe, when you are most unhappy, that there is something for you to do in the world. So long as you can sweeten anothers pain, life is not in vain. True happiness ... is not attained through self-gratification, but through fidelity to a worthy purpose. The Beauty of Hope Once I knew only darkness and stillness. My life was without past or future. But a little word from the fingers of another fell into my hand that clutched at emptiness and my heart leaped to the rapture of living. Although the world is full of suffering, it is full also of the overcoming of it. Alone we can do so little; together we can do so much. To keep our faces toward change, and behave like free spirits in the presence of fate, is strength undefeatable. The Challenges We Face The marvelous richness of human experience would lose something of rewarding joy if there were no limitations to overcome. The hilltop hour would not be half so wonderful if there were no dark valleys to traverse. Character cannot be developed in ease and quiet. Only through experiences of trial and suffering can the soul be strengthened, vision cleared, ambition inspired and success achieved. I seldom think about my limitations, and they never make me sad. Perhaps there is just a touch of yearning at times; but it is vague, like a breeze among flowers. Self-pity is our worst enemy and if we yield to it, we can never do anything wise in the world. The most pathetic person in the world is someone who has sight but has no vision. Random Musings Our democracy is but a name. We vote. What does that mean? It means that we choose between two bodies of real—though not avowed—autocrats. We choose between Tweedledum and Tweedledee. People do not like to think. If one thinks, one must reach conclusions. Conclusions are not always pleasant. Science may have found a cure for most evils; but it has found no remedy for the worst of them all—the apathy of human beings. It is wonderful how much time good people spend fighting the devil. If they would only expend the same amount of energy loving their fellow men, the devil would die in his own tracks of ennui. Security is mostly a superstition. It does not exist in nature, nor do the children of men as a whole experience it. Avoiding danger is no safer in the long run than outright exposure. Life is either a daring  adventure  or nothing. Knowledge is love and light and vision. Toleration is the greatest gift of mind; it requires the same effort of the brain that it takes to balance oneself on a bicycle.

The Presidential Election And Caucus - 903 Words

This year’s presidential election is is being referred to as one that will be historic. While the 2016 presidential campaign has in fact caused social and political disagreement, each candidate beginning and remaining candidate in the presidential race brought forth issues in our nation for table discussion. One of the most debated topics during the primary elections and caucus season was the issue of immigrants and illegal immigration. During this time, current Republican front runner Donald Trump declared accusations towards the Mexican and Hispanic community as being part of the American downfall. While making vulgar remarks earned the GOP candidate publicity and support from anti-immigration reform holders, Trump’s remarks also brought forth the argument into the light. Today, different sources estimate an eleven to twelve million people are living under undocumented status in the United States. However, according to the Colorado Alliance for Immigration Reform, the approximate 11 million population figure of undocumented immigrants could easily double, as the current estimates are based only on pooled data from the U.S Census and immigration research centers (www,cairco.org, 2016). According to research by Angela Adams for Access to Higher Education â€Å"an estimated 11.5 million of the more than 40 million foreign-born individuals residing in the United States are considered undocumented immigrants,† (Adams, 2015, p.47). Of these roughly 2 million make up â€Å"undocumentedShow MoreRelatedThe Main Duties Of The President1127 Words   |  5 PagesAs seen on the internet, a popular topic that may be seen or heard about is the 2016 presidential election. One may say that it is absurd to already be discussing the election so many months ahead, however, since this is an election to choose the leader of this country, many procedures are to be accomplished beforehand. Children grow up with the idea that the president is a very powerful person who takes care of his or her country. That is indeed very true; the president has multiple duties thatRead MoreA Smarter Election 2016. Last Night869 Words   |  4 PagesA Smarter Election in 2016 Last night, the citizens of Iowa kicked off the presidential nomination process by coming out in record numbers to participate in the quirky, uniquely American Iowa Caucus. A complicated voting process that differs by party,—Republicans use a secret ballot while Democrats show support based on their location in the room—the Caucus has seen its share of vote counting errors. Most recently, in 2012, Mitt Romney was declared the initial winner when in fact Rick SantorumRead MoreThe United States Election Process Essay1121 Words   |  5 Pages The United States Election Process With the 2016 presidential election on its way, with two of the most polarizing candidates ever. And one who shared that if he loses then the â€Å"System is rigged†. With Congressional approval rating at 17%, politics in the U.S appears rotten. Which is what the freackanomics episode I listened to, â€Å"10 ways to make politics less rotten† was about. But how may know how the U.S election cycle actually works? The process can be quite complicated and confusing at timesRead MoreDoes the Current Electoral Process Result in the best Candidate for President?1664 Words   |  7 Pagesdeveloped in order to pick their presidential candidates. This method was the congressional caucus. The framer’s method in 1787 was that each elector would cast two electoral votes, each for a different person for president. The person who received the majority of the electoral votes would win the presidential election and the person who received the second most amount of electoral vot es won the vice presidential election. However, the rise of political parties and the election of 1800 made a great changeRead MoreA Smarter Election 2016. Last Night Essay905 Words   |  4 PagesA Smarter Election in 2016 Last night, the citizens of Iowa came out in record numbers to participate in the quirky, uniquely American Iowa Caucus, which kicks off the presidential nomination process. A complicated voting process that differs by party,—Republicans use a secret ballot while Democrats show support based on their location in the room—the Caucus has seen its share of vote counting errors. Most recently, in 2012, Mitt Romney was declared the initial winner when in fact Rick SantorumRead MoreNational Voter Registration Day ( Nvrd ) Essay700 Words   |  3 Pagesare embedded with links to their website to educate eligible voters and mobilize volunteers. Timeline December †¢ Add interview questions and answers from Facebook Global Manager and Political Outreach, Katie Harbath. o In 2012, the presidential election was the number one thing discussed on Facebook and other social media platforms, what was the tone of Facebook users during that time? What about the current campaign? We don t measure sentiment for the conversation we do. All we share isRead MorePresidential Election Of The United States Essay787 Words   |  4 PagesElections in the United States are a two-stage electoral process; primary and general. In addition to the primaries and general elections held in even-numbered years. Candidates running under the standard of one of the major political parties must first win the party s endorsement in a primary election. The distinction between general elections and primary elections consist of primary elections being preliminary election, in which the candidates of the presidential race are designated. ElectionRead More‘the Advantages of Primary Elections Far Outweigh Their Disadvantages in the Selection of Each Partys Presidential Candidateà ¢â‚¬â„¢, Discuss955 Words   |  4 PagesPrimary elections are elections held previous to a Presidential election to decide upon the presidential candidate from the two main parties. These are held in each state, each of which then goes on to sponsor the winning candidate of their primary at the national convention, where the party’s presidential candidate is announced. This method of choosing a candidate came about due to the McGovem/Fraser Commission of 1968 (where Mayor Daley refused McGovem the chance to run as he was too liberal).Read MoreU.s. Government s Presidential Selection Process851 Words   |  4 PagesThere has always been a history behind everything that the U.S. government has done. So why would the presidential selection process be any different. When looking at this procedure, unlike the Electoral College, the nominating of the presidential candidates are not spelled out in the constitution. Seeing as the constitution was written in the late 1700’s there were no political parties to speak of. At the beginning of 1796 members of the U.S. Congress would meet informally to agree on their party’sRead MorePresidential Election Of United States1497 Words   |  6 Pages Name Due date Word count: 1596 Presidential Elections Introduction The presidential elections of United States of America take an indirect form where citizens of the U.S who are registered as voters in one of the states in U.S which are usually 50 states, or the District of Columbia, cast ballots for Electoral College members, referred to as electors. These electors then in turn cast direct votes known as electoral votes in their respective state capitals for president and vice president positions

Gender Relations in Efuru Essay Example For Students

Gender Relations in Efuru Essay In Efuru, Flora Nwapa put a lot of emphasis in marriage and procreation. Both of these aspects are indispensable in creating new family units and in increasing the population of the family or lineage. Nwapa is reflecting, in Efuru, the situation, as it exists in her society. Children are greatly valued in Efuru. Each marriage is expected to produce many siblings, both male and female (with preference for a male). In Igbo culture, the most important reason for marriage is procreation. Even in marriages where love is the main attraction that brings couples together, the desire to have children is always the ultimate goal. This is the reason why most marriages, including those that are built on affection, crumble or are seriously threatened when they are not blessed with children. Why do everyday Igbo woman, whether married or unmarried, have a strong desire to have a child?The concern with procreation is not limited to the marriage couple. It is their relatives, friends, and neighbors who first express these concerns when the woman has not become pregnant. A year after their first marriage, Efuru and Adizua (in her first marriage)-and she and Eneberi (in her second marriage)-are still enjoying new and fresh marital life when gossip spreads about Efurus barrenness, among her female neighbors, as anxious gossips are made over the fact that she has not had any children:Seeing them together is not the important thing,another said. The important thing is that nothinghas happened since the happy marriage. We are not going to eat happy marriage. Marriage must be fruit-ful. Of what use is it if it is not fruitful. Of what useis it if your husband licks your body, worships youand buys everything in the market for you and you An important role that women play in the family is the upbringing and nurturing of children. This role limits, confines, and domesticates women. It also distracts women from achieving higher goals or roles for themselves. In Efuru, Flora Nwapa constantly refers to the proper upbringing of children; especially girls who are expected to become wives and mothers. Amede, Efurus mother-in-law and her friend, Omirima, express their disappointment with Ogea when Amede complains:It is that silly girl, Ogea. She washed my wrappersand all of them will have to be washed again becausethere is still black soap on all of them. How is it thata grown-up girl like that is not able to wash clothesproperly? How can she live in a mans house?'(181)Thats what I keep on saying, children of these days are no good. How men of today marry them is what This part of the book makes someone ask themselves: If motherhood is so vital to the mental health of the African woman, why does Flora Nwapa punish the heroine, Efuru, with the malignant trauma of childlessness? The pain of infertility is inflicted in Efuru. As I have read as well, in some of the websites that I have visited dedicated to Flora Nwapa, this pain is inflicted in most of her independent and assertive women in four of her novels: Efuru and Idu, Amaka in One is Enough, and Rose in Women Are Different. When these women eventually conceive a child, it brings about a lot of difficulty to them and doesnt bring about total satisfaction. Perhaps the Lake Goddess is responsible for the fact that these women do not have children, the state that they eventually find themselves in. I say this because it is strange that the women who either worship her or share her attributes-long hair, beauty, wealth, and independent spirit are the women that do not have children or are not capable of being mothers. .ubab04261deadac818027e2104895400b , .ubab04261deadac818027e2104895400b .postImageUrl , .ubab04261deadac818027e2104895400b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubab04261deadac818027e2104895400b , .ubab04261deadac818027e2104895400b:hover , .ubab04261deadac818027e2104895400b:visited , .ubab04261deadac818027e2104895400b:active { border:0!important; } .ubab04261deadac818027e2104895400b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubab04261deadac818027e2104895400b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubab04261deadac818027e2104895400b:active , .ubab04261deadac818027e2104895400b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubab04261deadac818027e2104895400b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubab04261deadac818027e2104895400b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubab04261deadac818027e2104895400b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubab04261deadac818027e2104895400b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubab04261deadac818027e2104895400b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubab04261deadac818027e2104895400b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubab04261deadac818027e2104895400b .ubab04261deadac818027e2104895400b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubab04261deadac818027e2104895400b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Kings Works-An Analysis Essay Omirima states in Efuru that Uhamiris worshippers mostly are without children:How many women in this town who worship Uhamiri have children?All right lets countthem: Ogini Azogu, she counted off one finger, she had a son before she became a worshipper ofUhamiri. Since then she has not got another child. Two, Nwanyafor Ojimba, she has no child at all. Three, Uzoechi Negenege, no child. They are allover the place. Why do we bother ourselves count-Efurus mother only had Efuru, and Efuru losses Ogonim, her only child. Uhamari, The Lake Goddess, is barren and her state justifies the others. The fact that she does not have any children and is very wealthy, have a structural and thematic relevance to the lives and experiences on Efuru. The concern shown by mothers and elders in Igbo society underscores how seriously they take the socialization of young people to proper behavior. Women always express these concerns and they also enforce the code. This means that women are kind of the custodians of tradition. They also guard these traditions to kind of a ridiculous extent when you think about it. An example is when Ajanupu insists that Nkonyeni should greet her and Efuru warmly, than how she had originally greeted them (174), and the time that Omirima censures her daughter-in-law for trying to protect her children from yaws by sending Omi rimas daughter away (174). I think that what Flora Nwapa is trying to convey in Efuru is that children alone do not bring about happiness or self-fulfillment to women. In Efuru, Uhamiri is said to be happy even though she doesnt have a child. She is probably consoling those women in Igbo society that cannot have children and are barren, by relating how happy The Lake Goddess is even though she cannot have children. It is as if Flora Nwapa is saying that there are other factors to happiness. Companionship and love in marriage are as important as motherhood, if not even more. Originally, a marriage fails or succeeds depending on the circumstances that affect it. Childlessness, in Igbo society and in Efuru, is one aspect to a marriage that fails but there are other aspects to consider, like neglect, incompatibility, lack of trust, and unfaithfulness. Efurus marriages fail because her husbands are unfaithful, ungrateful, and irresponsible where she is concerned. Efuru survives her failed marriages. After her marri ages end she gains strength and an increase in her stature. She eventually finds fulfillment in her worship of Uhamiri. As well, her business expertise and strength of her character enables her to leave her husbands and continue with her life. Her marriages to both of her husbands were her choice and she doesnt blame anyone but herself. She offers a life of service to her community; an example would be when she helps those that have felt ill by calling on the doctor for them, and her worship of the Lake Goddess. Throughout all her trial and tribulations Efuru had the support of those in her age group. Throughout her ordeal those of her age group advised her to have patience with Adizua. She felt like it was up to her to terminate her marriage to him when it becomes burdensome as well as destructive to her. She remains self-reliant and independent in her action though. In Efuru, Flora Nwapa illustrates to us the traditional Igbo woman and their relentless capacity to survive despite all the odds that are against them and their determination to achieve economic independence and a measure of fulfillment as human beings in their communities. To me, the Lake Goddess is kind of used to criticize the tradition that values women as only being useful for the sake of procreation rather than a human being with aspirations to attain self-fulfillment and independence. The image of the goddess symbolizes the potential of Igbo womanhood. They can aspire and achieve great things in life; they are not only here on this earth for the sake of procreation. All women are not only here on this earth for the sake of procreation. It also represents the glory and beauty of womanhood. The Lake Goddess gives women the power to aspire, whether its economic aspirations, political aspirations, or social aspirations. Bibliography:Works Cited1. Nwapa, Flora. Efuru. Great Britain . Heinemann Publishers. 1966.

The Federalist Papers And Federalism Essay Example For Students

The Federalist Papers And Federalism Essay The Federalist Papers And Federalism Essay The Federalist Papers were mostly the product of two young men: Alexander Hamilton of New York, age 32, and James Madison of Virginia, age 36. Both men sometimes wrote four papers in a single week. An older scholar, John Jay, later named as first chief justice of the Supreme Court, wrote five of the papers. Hamilton, who had been an aide to Washington during the Revolution, asked Madison and Jay to help him in this project. Their purpose was to persuade the New York convention to ratify the just-drafted Constitution. We will write a custom essay on The Federalist Papers And Federalism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now They would separately write a series of letters to New York newspapers, under the pseudonym, Publius. In the letters they would explain and defend the Constitution. Hamilton started the idea and outlined the sequence of topics to be discussed, and addressed most of them in fifty-one of the letters. Madisons Twenty-nine letters have proved to be the most memorable in their balance and ideas of governmental power. It is not clear whether The Federalist Papers, written between October 1787 and May 1788 had any effect on New Yorks and Virginias ratification of the Constitution. Encyclopedia Britannica defines Federalism as, ;A mode of political organization that unites independent states within a larger political framework while still allowing each state to maintain its own political integrity (712). Having just won a revolution against an oppressive monarchy, the American colonists were in willing to replace it with another monarchy style of government. On the other hand, their experience with the disorganization under the Articles of Confederation, due to unfair competition between the individual states, made them a little more receptive to an increase in national powers. A number of Federalist Papers argued that a new kind of balance, never achieved elsewhere was possible. The Papers were themselves a balance or compromise between the nationalist ideas of Hamilton, who wrote more for the commercial interests of New York, and the uneasiness of Madison, who shared the skepticism of distant authority widely held by Virginia farmers. In American Government and Politics Today, Madison proposed that, instead of the absolute sovereignty of each state under the Articles of Confederation. The states would retain a residual sovereignty in all areas which did not require national concern. The very process of ratification of the Constitution, he argued, symbolized the concept of federalism (77). He said: This assent and ratification is to be given by the people, not as individuals composing one entire nation, but as composing the distinct and individual States to which they respectively belong The act, therefore, establishing the Constitution, will not be a national but a federal act (qtd in American 85). The Federalist Papers also provide the first specific mention we have of the idea of checks and balances as a way of restricting governmental power and preventing its abuse. Both Hamilton and Madison regarded this as the most powerful form of government. As conceived, popularly elected House of Representatives would be checked and balanced by a more conservative Senate picked by state legislatures. (in 1913 the 17th Amendment changed this to the popular election of senators). Hamilton observed in letter number 78 that, A democratic assembly is to be checked by a democratic senate and both these by a democratic chief magistrate (318). In what many historians agree is his most brilliant essay, number 78. Hamilton defended the Supreme Courts right to rule upon the constitutionality of laws passed by national or state legislatures. This historically crucial power of judicial review, he argued, was an appropriate check on the legislature, ;The pestilential breath of faction may poison the fountains of justice; (317). Hamilton rejected the British system of allowing the Parliament to override by majority vote any court decision it finds to its dislike. ;The courts of justice are to be considered the bulwarks of a limited Constitution against legislative encroachments; (318). Only the difficult process of amending the Constitution or the gradual transformation of its members to another viewpoint, could reverse the Supreme Courts interpretation of that document. In the most original of The Federalist Papers, Number 10. Madison addressed this double challenge. .u60eb181a68d7d9f1d981ae3e73cfdc44 , .u60eb181a68d7d9f1d981ae3e73cfdc44 .postImageUrl , .u60eb181a68d7d9f1d981ae3e73cfdc44 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u60eb181a68d7d9f1d981ae3e73cfdc44 , .u60eb181a68d7d9f1d981ae3e73cfdc44:hover , .u60eb181a68d7d9f1d981ae3e73cfdc44:visited , .u60eb181a68d7d9f1d981ae3e73cfdc44:active { border:0!important; } .u60eb181a68d7d9f1d981ae3e73cfdc44 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u60eb181a68d7d9f1d981ae3e73cfdc44 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u60eb181a68d7d9f1d981ae3e73cfdc44:active , .u60eb181a68d7d9f1d981ae3e73cfdc44:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u60eb181a68d7d9f1d981ae3e73cfdc44 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u60eb181a68d7d9f1d981ae3e73cfdc44 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u60eb181a68d7d9f1d981ae3e73cfdc44 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u60eb181a68d7d9f1d981ae3e73cfdc44 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u60eb181a68d7d9f1d981ae3e73cfdc44:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u60eb181a68d7d9f1d981ae3e73cfdc44 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u60eb181a68d7d9f1d981ae3e73cfdc44 .u60eb181a68d7d9f1d981ae3e73cfdc44-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u60eb181a68d7d9f1d981ae3e73cfdc44:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Social Justice Billy Budd Essay His main concern was the need, To break and control the violence of faction (36). Meaning political parties. He regarded political partys as the greatest danger to popular government. Madison wrote: I understand a number of citizens are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community. These passions or interests that endanger the rights of others may be . The Federalist Papers and Federalism Essay Example For Students The Federalist Papers and Federalism Essay The Federalist Papers were mostly the product of two young men: Alexander Hamilton of New York, age 32, and James Madison of Virginia, age 36. Both men sometimes wrote four papers in a single week. An older scholar, John Jay, later named as first chief justice of the Supreme Court, wrote five of the papers. Hamilton, who had been an aide to Washington during the Revolution, asked Madison and Jay to help him in this project. Their purpose was to persuade the New York convention to ratify the just-drafted Constitution. They would separately write a series of letters to New York newspapers, under the pseudonym, Publius. In the letters they would explain and defend the Constitution. Hamilton started the idea and outlined the sequence of topics to be discussed, and addressed most of them in fifty-one of the letters. Madisons Twenty-nine letters have proved to be the most memorable in their balance and ideas of governmental power. It is not clear whether The Federalist Papers, written between October 1787 and May 1788 had any effect on New Yorks and Virginias ratification of the Constitution. Encyclopedia Britannica defines Federalism as, A mode of political organization that unites independent states within a larger political framework while still allowing each state to maintain its own political integrity (712). We will write a custom essay on The Federalist Papers and Federalism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Having just won a revolution against an oppressive monarchy, the American colonists were in willing to replace it with another monarchy style of government. On the other hand, their experience with the disorganization under the Articles of Confederation, due to unfair competition between the individual states, made them a little more receptive to an increase in national powers. A number of Federalist Papers argued that a new kind of balance, never achieved elsewhere was possible. The Papers were themselves a balance or compromise between the nationalist ideas of Hamilton, who wrote more for the commercial interests of New York, and the uneasiness of Madison, who shared the skepticism of distant authority widely held by Virginia farmers. In American Government and Politics Today, Madison proposed that, instead of the absolute sovereignty of each state under the Articles of Confederation. The states would retain a residual sovereignty in all areas which did not require national concern. The very process of ratification of the Constitution, he argued, symbolized the concept of federalism (77). He said: This assent and ratification is to be given by the people, not as individuals composing one entire nation, but as composing the distinct and individual States to which they respectively belong The act, therefore, establishing the Constitution, will not be a national but a federal act (qtd in American 85). The Federalist Papers also provide the first specific mention we have of the idea of checks and balances as a way of restricting governmental power and preventing its abuse. Both Hamilton and Madison regarded this as the most powerful form of government. As conceived, popularly elected House of Representatives would be checked and balanced by a more conservative Senate picked by state legislatures. (in 1913 the 17th Amendment changed this to the popular election of senators). Hamilton observed in letter number 78 that, A democratic assembly is to be checked by a democratic senate and both these by a democratic chief magistrate (318). In what many historians agree is his most brilliant essay, number 78. Hamilton defended the Supreme Courts right to rule upon the constitutionality of laws passed by national or state legislatures. This historically crucial power of judicial review, he argued, was an appropriate check on the legislature, The pestilential breath of faction may poison the fountains of justice (317). Hamilton rejected the British system of allowing the Parliament to override by majority vote any court decision it finds to its dislike. The courts of justice are to be considered the bulwarks of a limited Constitution against legislative encroachments (318). Only the difficult process of amending the Constitution or the gradual transformation of its members to another viewpoint, could reverse the Supreme Courts interpretation of that document. In the most original of The Federalist Papers, Number 10. Madison addressed this double challenge. .ufe50d34b10a83f71dca804adc71263c4 , .ufe50d34b10a83f71dca804adc71263c4 .postImageUrl , .ufe50d34b10a83f71dca804adc71263c4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufe50d34b10a83f71dca804adc71263c4 , .ufe50d34b10a83f71dca804adc71263c4:hover , .ufe50d34b10a83f71dca804adc71263c4:visited , .ufe50d34b10a83f71dca804adc71263c4:active { border:0!important; } .ufe50d34b10a83f71dca804adc71263c4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufe50d34b10a83f71dca804adc71263c4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufe50d34b10a83f71dca804adc71263c4:active , .ufe50d34b10a83f71dca804adc71263c4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufe50d34b10a83f71dca804adc71263c4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufe50d34b10a83f71dca804adc71263c4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufe50d34b10a83f71dca804adc71263c4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufe50d34b10a83f71dca804adc71263c4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufe50d34b10a83f71dca804adc71263c4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufe50d34b10a83f71dca804adc71263c4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufe50d34b10a83f71dca804adc71263c4 .ufe50d34b10a83f71dca804adc71263c4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufe50d34b10a83f71dca804adc71263c4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Provisional Voting Essay His main concern was the need, To break and control the violence of faction (36). Meaning political parties. He regarded political partys as the greatest danger to popular government. Madison wrote: I understand a number of citizens are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community. These passions or interests that endanger the rights . The Federalist Papers And Federalism Essay Example For Students The Federalist Papers And Federalism Essay The Federalist Papers And Federalism Essay The Federalist Papers were mostly the product of two young men: Alexander Hamilton of New York, age 32, and James Madison of Virginia, age 36. Both men sometimes wrote four papers in a single week.An older scholar, John Jay, later named as first chief justice of the Supreme Court, wrote five of the papers.Hamilton, who had been an aide to Washington during the Revolution, asked Madison and Jay to help him in this project.Their purpose was to persuade the New York convention to ratify the just-drafted Constitution. We will write a custom essay on The Federalist Papers And Federalism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now They would separately write a series of letters to New York newspapers, under the pseudonym, Publius.In the letters they would explain and defend the Constitution. Hamilton started the idea and outlined the sequence of topics to be discussed, and addressed most of them in fifty-one of the letters. Madisons Twenty-nine letters have proved to be the most memorable in their balance and ideas of governmental power. It is not clear whether The Federalist Papers, written between October 1787 and May 1788 had any effect on New Yorks and Virginias ratification of the Constitution. Encyclopedia Britannica defines Federalism as, A mode of political organization that unites independent states within a larger political framework while still allowing each state to maintain its own political integrity (712). Having just won a revolution against an oppressive monarchy, the American colonists were in willing to replace it with another monarchy style of government.On the other hand, their experience with the disorganization under the Articles of Confederation, due to unfair competition between the individual states, made them a little more receptive to an increase in national powers. A number of Federalist Papers argued that a new kind of balance, never achieved elsewhere was possible.The Papers were themselves a balance or compromise between the nationalist ideas of Hamilton, who wrote more for thecommercial interests of New York, and the uneasiness of Madison, who shared the skepticism of distant authority widely held by Virginia farmers. InAmerican Government and Politics Today, Madison proposed that, instead of the absolute sovereignty of each state under the Articles of Confederation.The states would retain a residual sovereignty in all areas which did not require national concern. The very process of ratification of the Constitution, he argued, symbolized the concept of federalism (77).He said: This assent and ratification is to be given by the people, not as individuals composing one entire nation, but as composing the distinct and individual States to which they respectively belong The act, therefore, establishing the Constitution, will not be a national but a federal act (qtd in American 85). The Federalist Papers also provide the first specific mention we have of the idea of checks and balances as a way of restricting governmental power and preventing its abuse. Both Hamilton and Madison regarded this as the most powerful form of government.Asconceived, popularly elected House of Representatives would be checked and balanced by a more conservative Senate picked by state legislatures.(in 1913 the 17th Amendment changed this to the popular election of senators).Hamilton observed .. in letter number 78 that, A democratic assembly is to be checked by a democratic senate and both these by a democratic chief magistrate (318). In what many historians agree is his most brilliant essay, number 78. Hamilton defended the Supreme Courts right to rule upon the constitutionality of laws passed by national or state legislatures.This historically crucial power ofjudicial review,he argued, was an appropriate check on the legislature, The pestilential breath of faction may poison the fountains of justice (317). Hamilton rejected the British system of allowing the Parliament to override by majority vote any court decision it finds to its dislike. The courts of justice are to be considered the bulwarks of a limited Constitution against legislative encroachments (318).Only the difficult process of amending the Constitution or the gradual transformation of its members to another viewpoint, could reverse the Supreme Courts interpretation of that document. In the most original of The Federalist Papers, Number 10. Madison addressed this double challenge. His main concern was the need, To break and control the violence of faction (36). .u175eb25aa2e98d94cf050615672e6791 , .u175eb25aa2e98d94cf050615672e6791 .postImageUrl , .u175eb25aa2e98d94cf050615672e6791 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u175eb25aa2e98d94cf050615672e6791 , .u175eb25aa2e98d94cf050615672e6791:hover , .u175eb25aa2e98d94cf050615672e6791:visited , .u175eb25aa2e98d94cf050615672e6791:active { border:0!important; } .u175eb25aa2e98d94cf050615672e6791 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u175eb25aa2e98d94cf050615672e6791 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u175eb25aa2e98d94cf050615672e6791:active , .u175eb25aa2e98d94cf050615672e6791:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u175eb25aa2e98d94cf050615672e6791 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u175eb25aa2e98d94cf050615672e6791 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u175eb25aa2e98d94cf050615672e6791 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u175eb25aa2e98d94cf050615672e6791 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u175eb25aa2e98d94cf050615672e6791:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u175eb25aa2e98d94cf050615672e6791 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u175eb25aa2e98d94cf050615672e6791 .u175eb25aa2e98d94cf050615672e6791-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u175eb25aa2e98d94cf050615672e6791:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Drunk driving EssayMeaning political parties.He regarded political partys as the greatest danger to popular government.Madison wrote: I understand a number of citizens are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community. These passions or interests that endanger the rights of others may be religious or political or, most often, economic. Factions may divide along lines of haves and have-nots, creditors and debtors, or according to the kinds . The Federalist Papers and Federalism Essay Example For Students The Federalist Papers and Federalism Essay The Federalist Papers were mostly the product of two young men: Alexander Hamilton of New York, age 32, and James Madison of Virginia, age 36. Both men sometimes wrote four papers in a single week. An older scholar, John Jay, later named as first chief justice of the Supreme Court, wrote five of the papers. Hamilton, who had been an aide to Washington during the Revolution, asked Madison and Jay to help him in this project. Their purpose was to persuade the New York convention to ratify the just-drafted Constitution. They would separately write a series of letters to New York newspapers, under the pseudonym, Publius. In the letters they would explain and defend the Constitution. Hamilton started the idea and outlined the sequence of topics to be discussed, and addressed most of them in fifty-one of the letters. Madisons Twenty-nine letters have proved to be the most memorable in their balance and ideas of governmental power. It is not clear whether The Federalist Papers, written between October 1787 and May 1788 had any effect on New Yorks and Virginias ratification of the Constitution. Encyclopedia Britannica defines Federalism as, A mode of political organization that unites independent states within a larger political framework while still allowing each state to maintain its own political integrity (712). We will write a custom essay on The Federalist Papers and Federalism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Having just won a revolution against an oppressive monarchy, the American colonists were in willing to replace it with another monarchy style of government. On the other hand, their experience with the disorganization under the Articles of Confederation, due to unfair competition between the individual states, made them a little more receptive to an increase in national powers. A number of Federalist Papers argued that a new kind of balance, never achieved elsewhere was possible. The Papers were themselves a balance or compromise between the nationalist ideas of Hamilton, who wrote more for the commercial interests of New York, and the uneasiness of Madison, who shared the skepticism of distant authority widely held by Virginia farmers. In American Government and Politics Today, Madison proposed that, instead of the absolute sovereignty of each state under the Articles of Confederation. The states would retain a residual sovereignty in all areas which did not require national concern. The very process of ratification of the Constitution, he argued, symbolized the concept of federalism (77). He said: This assent and ratification is to be given by the people, not as individuals composing one entire nation, but as composing the distinct and individual States to which they respectively belong The act, therefore, establishing the Constitution, will not be a national but a federal act (qtd in American 85). The Federalist Papers also provide the first specific mention we have of the idea of checks and balances as a way of restricting governmental power and preventing its abuse. Both Hamilton and Madison regarded this as the most powerful form of government. As conceived, popularly elected House of Representatives would be checked and balanced by a more conservative Senate picked by state legislatures. (in 1913 the 17th Amendment changed this to the popular election of senators). Hamilton observed in letter number 78 that, A democratic assembly is to be checked by a democratic senate and both these by a democratic chief magistrate (318). In what many historians agree is his most brilliant essay, number 78. Hamilton defended the Supreme Courts right to rule upon the constitutionality of laws passed by national or state legislatures. This historically crucial power of judicial review, he argued, was an appropriate check on the legislature, The pestilential breath of faction may poison the fountains of justice (317). Hamilton rejected the British system of allowing the Parliament to override by majority vote any court decision it finds to its dislike. The courts of justice are to be considered the bulwarks of a limited Constitution against legislative encroachments (318). Only the difficult process of amending the Constitution or the gradual transformation of its members to another viewpoint, could reverse the Supreme Courts interpretation of that document. In the most original of The Federalist Papers, Number 10. Madison addressed this double challenge. .ub90ae982da9b5da552dfc17116e3f606 , .ub90ae982da9b5da552dfc17116e3f606 .postImageUrl , .ub90ae982da9b5da552dfc17116e3f606 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub90ae982da9b5da552dfc17116e3f606 , .ub90ae982da9b5da552dfc17116e3f606:hover , .ub90ae982da9b5da552dfc17116e3f606:visited , .ub90ae982da9b5da552dfc17116e3f606:active { border:0!important; } .ub90ae982da9b5da552dfc17116e3f606 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub90ae982da9b5da552dfc17116e3f606 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub90ae982da9b5da552dfc17116e3f606:active , .ub90ae982da9b5da552dfc17116e3f606:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub90ae982da9b5da552dfc17116e3f606 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub90ae982da9b5da552dfc17116e3f606 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub90ae982da9b5da552dfc17116e3f606 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub90ae982da9b5da552dfc17116e3f606 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub90ae982da9b5da552dfc17116e3f606:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub90ae982da9b5da552dfc17116e3f606 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub90ae982da9b5da552dfc17116e3f606 .ub90ae982da9b5da552dfc17116e3f606-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub90ae982da9b5da552dfc17116e3f606:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Adolecent Behavior In The School Environment Essay His main concern was the need, To break and control the violence of faction (36). Meaning political parties. He regarded political partys as the greatest danger to popular government. Madison wrote: I understand a number of citizens are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community. These passions or interests that endanger .

Daily Writing Tips Is On Facebook and Twitter Now

Daily Writing Tips Is On Facebook and Twitter Now Daily Writing Tips Is On Facebook and Twitter Now Daily Writing Tips Is On Facebook and Twitter Now By Daniel Scocco Over the past months we received many emails from readers who wanted to connect with Daily Writing Tips on social networks. We finally made this possible on the two largest networks: Facebook and Twitter. If you have a Facebook account please visit Facebook.com/DailyWritingTips and click on the Like button to connect with us. Once you do that youll start seeing links to our posts on your Facebook stream. Alternatively you can visit this post on our website and hit the Like button directly on the Facebook Like Box. Twitter users can follow the official Daily Writing Tips account on Twitter.com/writing_tips. We try to follow every one back, and we also tweet links to the latest posts on the blog. Finally, youll notice that below the posts theres a Share section now. There you can click on the buttons to retweet the post or to share it with your Facebook friends. We would appreciate if you could spread the word about any post you like by using those buttons! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:45 Synonyms for â€Å"Food†11 Writing Exercises to Inspire You and Strengthen Your WritingThe Difference Between "Shade" and "Shadow"

Where the Wild Things Are Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Where the Wild Things Are - Essay Example The book was not widely received at first. In fact, some libraries have banned it. Two years after its publication, though, the teachers noticed that the children love it, and decided to relax their views about the book. What makes the book controversial, or at least not well-received, is the subject of the book itself. The plot of the story centers on a little boy named Max. The first line (sentence) of the story goes, â€Å"The night Max wore his wolf suit and made mischief of one kind and another†. Because of this, Max’s mother got mad at Max and sent him to his room without supper. Max got mad and made his tent, chases his pet dog with a fork, etc. Anyway, he stays in his room and his room starts to change into a different world, a forest. Then a boat comes and he sailed (for more than a year) and to foreign places where it was inhabited by â€Å"wild things†. He tamed them by staring at their yellow eyes without blinking and they made him king. They enjoyed themselves, danced the wild rumpus and did what wild things do. This continued for a long time. The Max told the Wild Things to stop and they did. Max then realized that he was lonely and â€Å"wanted to be with someone who loved him best of all† and â€Å"smelled good things to eat†. Then the wild things persuade him to stay and be their king but Max said â€Å"No†. ... The child is quite angry at being told off by his mother so he makes up a world where he can be king and express his anger. Then these monsters are tamed. Then the child indulges with the monsters and then when he gets tired of the novelty, he quits them and goes back to the room. This time, the room is much bigger. The Freudian thing here is actually rooted on anger management where it was actually therapeutic for him to lash out his anger on his own and then returns to normalcy when it’s over. Anger here is represented by monsters. He tamed them by directly looking at them; it’s as if you can master your problems/emotions by dealing with them directly. It is actually an adult thing to do and realize. Max’s world at the start is small. The illustration is literally small too. As he gains control on his world and the monsters’ world, the illustrations get bigger as well. It even takes two pages in the middle of the book! This means that the world of Maxâ⠂¬â„¢s, his imagination, is boundless. It is bigger, less bounded (it does not have margins!), prettier and more wonderful. However, back in his bedroom, after he leaves the monsters’ land, the world becomes small again, but it is not as small as his room before, but it has no borders now. This means that he grew, or at least his mind grew, as in he matured. This also reflects that his perspective grew, and his view of the world is bigger. He is a naughty child. He chases his pet dog with a fork and does mischievous things. He is what kids may relate too, as his mother also scolds him and grounds him. He knows that he can’t be mad at his mother because she is his mother. This is his source of frustration, and the readers (the children) can relate with this. This is what makes

Academic Skills for Students in the Education Sector Essay

Academic Skills for Students in the Education Sector - Essay Example According to the paper, the reporter has come to know the areas where improvement is necessary. In this respect, he has identified that there are certain areas where   he needs to enhance that include time management, referencing and presentation skills. He has to work more in these areas to develop the skills that would help me to complete his three years degree course successfully. In addition, the skills will assist in enhancing my professional life competitively as well as competently. This study outlines that the author is going to discuss the skills that he has developed through my academic life along with the ways of their development. Discussion will be also made regarding the personal development needs for the next three years. Finally, an action plan has been provided for the next three years that displays the ways based on ways through which he will be able to achieve the aims. Time management is one of the most important skills essential for an individual to possess, wh ich will contribute to the personal as well as professional development. The educational curriculum being provided in the UK seems effective, as it helps the students to develop their skills among which the development of time management serves as the most significant skill.

The Uk Budget Hotel Sector Literature Review Tourism Essay

The Uk Budget Hotel Sector Literature Review Tourism Essay The negative connotation, which camped in the thoughts of regulars of small-sized commercial hotels, also known as budget hotels, is being substituted by a perceptual experience of affordability, proficiency and decency (Parsons, G., 2008). The swift shifting market changing aspects has positively affected the budget hotels fragment. This can be observed from the elation amongst local and international hospitality operators of budget hotels. There is a well-defined shape of evolving European vacationer over the direction the hospitality industry is taking (Solomon, M. R., 1992). Budget hotels are in the progression of being redefined with novel models, innovations as well as strategies. With converting mentality of customers and operators, modern-day budget hotels have fully taken a U-turn with unhesitating contrast. Being at a time when mini-full service hotels are acknowledged as business class, budget hotels have a healthy future. Budget hotels are compacted with simple facilities for apprehensive business travelers, hence targeting a precise market division of middle-rank business executives and price-sensitive corporate. Competitive hospitality entities are sensibly priced while having good service, style, and ambiance, and they manifest professionalism (Deloitte, 2004). A very high growth for budget hotels is envisioned, however the situation would be shrank due to deficit in supply of professional human capital. Nevertheless the encounters lay ahead need to be assumed as the spirit to test and the zeal to outshine continue. The UK Budget Hotel Sector In the UK, the budget hotel sector is at a point of exponential growth (McCaskey D., 2000).The branded budget hotel market remains to be controlled by hardly two heavy players. This is in reference to a new study by TRI Hospitality Consulting. Table 1 below from Budget Hotels 2010 UK show that the leading brand, Premier Inn, owned 41,511 rooms by the end of 2009, earning it a market share of about 38%; The closest contender to Premier Inn was Travelodge, having 27,010 rooms by the close of 2009, earning Travelodge a market share of almost 25%. Premier Inn and Travelodge therefore control over two thirds of the budget hotel brands market in the United Kingdom. Table 1 UK Leading Budget Hotels Operators Source: Budget Hotels 2010 UK Brand Number of Hotels Number of rooms Premier Inn 582 41 511 Travelodge 377 27 010 Holiday Inn Express 109 12 464 Ibis 53 7 173 Jurys Inn 23 5 828 Innkeepers Lodge 91 2 652 Etap 17 2 212 Ramada Encore 16 1 947 Days In 30 1 834 Day Hotel 12 1 562 The branded budget sector in the United Kingdom is centered in just a couple of companies. However, the competition keeps on to fly high in the general hotel industry as the budget hotels take over the mid-market hotels and boardinghouses. Jonathan Langston, the managing director of TRI Hospitality Consulting agrees with this observation (Parsons, G. 2008). After 1993, the count of rooms in budget hotel in the United Kingdom has risen by more than 10 times from 10,555 rooms in 1993 to 109,528 rooms at the close of 2009. Although Premier Inn and Travelodge control the branded budget market, many new brands have been coming up into the sector (Tri Hospitality Consulting, 2010).The most fortunate competitor to Premier Inn and Travelodge has been Holiday Inn Express which currently runs 109 hotels having 12,464 rooms (Tri Hospitality Consulting, 2010). However, this is less than 50% of the Travelodges number of rooms, and less than 30% of Premier Inn. Recession Impacts on the Budget Hotel Sector The new study, done by HotStats and issued by industry newsletter Hotel Analyst, as well makes it clear that while robust, the budget hotel sector has not remained unhurt by the economic downturn. Throughout 2009, returns per available room went down by 9.1%, with tenancy falling by 5.9% points to 67.8% and rate holding up better with a decline of 1.1% to  £50.97. The effect of recession on the budget hotel sector was confirmed by Jonathan Langston when he said, The budget hotel market has truly been the hotel industrys success story of the last decade. While trading has suffered in the recession, new hotels are continuing to open, reflecting the long term viability of the segment, (TRI Hospitality Consulting, 2010, Pp. 1). The Budget Hotel Market Environment The UK Budget hotel sphere began in 1985 with the inaugural of the Ibis at Heathrow, as well as Little Chef Travel Lodge. Ten years later, there were about 400 budget hotels having 28,500 rooms in total. As already mentioned in this paper, the budget hotel sector is exponentially growing, becoming increasingly swift; Merrill Lynch forecast the budget hotel rooms to increase from 40,000 in 1999 to 80,000 in 2003 taking a 20% share of the UK hotel market (Deloitte, 2004). An exploration study by the Henley Centre (2000) Leisure in the New Millennium staged to the Joint Hospitality Industry Congress (JHIC) demonstrated that development in real disposable income was increasing demand. This unrestricted spend had been arising at 2.6% since 1995 and was visualized to speed up its rate of growth to 3.7% Compound Annual Growth Rate by 2005. Leisure consumption was shifting from being looked upon as a luxury to becoming a necessity, in fact, almost an elementary human right. The effect of individuals seeing leisure as part of their run-of-the-mill running expenses should be to cut down the industrys cyclicality. Afore the budget hotel industrys historical perspective as suffering from a hyperbolized cycle, the realism is that this industry has developed at a similar rate as the GDP since 1993 (McCaskey D., 2000). There is a lot of evidence to demonstrate that every night budget hotels in the UK growingly affranchise the population into budget hotel use. This must be a wanted shift from the 1960s the time at which fewer than 5% of the population in the UK stayed in UK hotels, to the rates experienced today 21st Century, when more that 50% of the UKs population are active hotel users. Arguably, McDonalds was a chief accelerator in stimulating the development of the UK eating-out market. McDonalds got rid of many of the roadblocks or inhibitions to hotel usage. Several strategic success reasons behind McDonaldss QSCV (Quality, Service, Cleanliness and Value) are very relevant to budget hotels. To protect its name that could be taken advantage of, McDonaldss attorneys had to deter one business from brand-marking its hotel product McSleep (McCaskey D., 2000). With 80,000 rooms and 80% tenancy rate, approximations point that, budget hotels will accommodate more than 23,000,000 room-nights per year; in other words over 55% of an entire UK PLC demand. Kleinwort, B. (1996) figures demonstrate that back in 1995, UK PLC hotels gave 31.35 million room nights on sale. Accordingly, these newly lodge formats having low cost base have become a major challenge to two-thirds of the star conventional hotels which incline to having comparatively high costs reinforced into their operations and per se, lack the plasticity to elevate their operation to four-star levels, or to reduce costs to empower them to tie lodge prices. McCaskey, D. (2000) depicted budget hotels as a more and more hungry Pac Man as they cut a strip through the current industry. Similar volatile increase in lodge facility in the United States from the mid 60s to the late 70s left many of the USs distracted mid-market hotels in confusion. In the air, Governmental deregulation engendered the development of low cost airlines, a move that served to give rise to the speedy end of Pan Am and TWA. Deregulation is at present in full spate in the United Kingdom and Europe with a radical diminishing effect on costs and subsequent revenues in both airline and hotel industries. In the United States, the waysides and conurbation are now full of supererogatory and peripheral lodge properties constructed all through their boom years while some companies such as Red Roof Inns and La Quinta still record continuing success every year (McCaskey, D., 2000). The Battle for Market Share The budget hotel market has all the features of the growth phase in the product/service life cycle, making it an apotheosis. The marketing processes commonly associated with the growth phase are: The approaches which promote resilient brand loyalty; The approaches which reinforce market share: The approaches which improve a competitive status and underline the differentiated benefits. The marketing activities of Travel Inn brand, owned by Whitbread Hotel Company, stand out to clearly exemplify the above three. Travel Inn brand has been so orchestrated to cut down the risk of a negative client experience and has built a lasting value. Travel Inn conforms to all the standards for classification as a Leadership Brand, ranked beside other brands including Coca-Cola, Volvo, Disney, as well as Tesco. In other words, Travel Inn and the other four live a sort of Total Brand Management lacking in other organizations. Other budget hotels also need to pursue similar status. The exemplified companies and Travel Inn have a tenacity that communicates all that they do for everybody to know what they can best do for the brand. To affirm this take, Travel Inn competitive advantages have been examined using the Seven Characteristics of Leadership Brands model (Tilley, C., 1999). The Seven are the common elements to be found in all leading brands; they are the ways by which brands r egularly and consistently bear their promise. Travel Inn is the prominent market leader in the mushrooming budget hotel industry; attaining 86% room tenancy, across its 250 outlets, noting that every newly opened Travel Inn operates for about three years before it gains about maximum penetration in its home-grown area. This dilutes Travel Inns general mean group occupancy. This budget hotel takes another three years to build its regular clientele base. Accordingly, Alan Parkers, Hotel Companys M.D. (Parker, A., 2000) argument that a great number of Travel Inns invariably performed at mid-90% tenancy, can be said of being bold as well as true. It is evident that Travel Inn is doing what others are not doing in order to successfully remain competent. For instance in 1999, Travel Inn recorded a staggering 78% repeat occupation. Further analysis of Travel Inns figures staged that 77% of its customers stayed doubly or more throughout a year. In the meantime, 33% of the budget hotels customers stayed over 21 nights per annum year while more than 15,000 stayed every single night (Tri Hospitality Consulting, 2010). In contrast to other UK budget hotels, Travel Inn finds another competitive advantage on booking; Travel Inn has a system by which its regular customers are able to book further and further beforehand to secure their spaces. Competitive Advantage Success factors held by one budget hotel can be adopted by another. Travel Inn does a number of things that place it at a better place to successfully compete in the market. In reference to Travel Inn, the following strategies have been found to help budget hotels in competing successfully for market share: 1. Competitive budget hotels influence the conducts of their clients instead of following conventions and markets; they create customers. It is a practice and tradition in the hotel sector to come up a sophisticated rate of discounts. These discounts may be related to the volume of business and booking period among others. This strategy is meant to maintain and generate demand to make the most of tenancy and price. However, some budget hotels run without these incentives abs they still make it in competitive business. This could imply that there are factors other than this that place such brands on a competitive edge. For instance, Travel Inn does not offer such discounts; it neither pays travel agent commissions. As much as these are revolutionary departures from the budget hotel industry norm, Travel Inn still out-performs the occupation averages for the budget hotel sector. Travel Inns AARR (average achieved room rate) without discounts is the chains rack rate. 2. Competitive budget hotels efficaciously make a meaning that is more than just a function of the product or service. The best meanings are grounded on profoundly felt human needs. A research report on June 29, 2009 by Guy Parson, the Director of Marketing at Travel Inn, indicated that Travel Inn was more welcoming compared to Holiday Inn Express or Travel Lodge. The report also confirmed the speculations that Travel Inn was the first option in cheap accommodation. Very encouraging client gratification surveys as well as mystery shopping rates were being attained throughout Travel Inn and were invariably supervised. From this quantitative and qualitative research it was learnt that clients truly enjoyed their Travel Inn rooms that were new and lively (Parsons, G., 1999). Travel Inn has a compulsory total renovation after every three years, up to and including the bed. Evidently, there are other budget hotels which are riding on a similar competitive edge. For instance, on September 10, 2009, David Michels (2000) gave a brief biography in which he stated that among his first undertakings immediately after taking over as Chief Executive of the tumultuous Stakis Hotel Group was to make a request to a bank to enable him to buy 4,000 new beds for the hotel. Michels, D., (2000) acknowledged that the move helped Stakis recuperate. Michels said, We are after all in the sleep business, it would seem that one of the major components in making this a pleasurable experience is frequently ignored (Michels, D., Pp. 3). From this proceeding, Paul Slatterys (1995) analysis established that the gap between UK hotels PLC and unquoted firms is daily broadening while the tormenting multitudes of independent budget hotels deteriorate into slums. How Budget Hotels Achieve Competitive Advantage Still using Travel Inn as an example, this paper now focuses on how the most successful budget hotels in the UK have achieve a competitive edge. 1. Leadership budget hotel brands stand for meaning everything that they do According to McCaskey, D. (1999), the Travel Inn line of attack in relation to pricing is totally ethical. Leadership budget hotel brands take a pluralist line, such as an impression that a companys performance ought to be looked at in a much more pluralistic manner than just by the bottom line. Such budget hotels frequently go beyond the minimal demands of Corporate Governance. These budget hotels policy is an example of good practice. Given tenancy figures and the significant amount or deflected demand, Whitbread could maximize its price easily. Notwithstanding, Whitbread stands for the prices which are conventional, competitive, widespread, logical and fair, which makes it to easily communicate the prices throughout its affiliates. There are only three classes of prices in the UK budget hotel industry; Roadside, Metro (in City Centre) and Capital (in London). However, leadership budget hotel brands carry out price research to insure that the prices are in line with customer value. It is believed that many of Whitbreads contenders simply follow Whitbreads lead. Though the pricing warfare has for a long time successfully invaded the unjust pricing in retail banking, super-marketing and automobile distribution, there are however too many doubtful practices in the UKs budget hotel industry (McCaskey, D., 1999). These questionable traditions comprise of: Hyperbolic rack rates; Bait and Switch publicizing promotions; Single-room supplements, and; Over-Riding Commissions (kick-backs given to agents/ middlemen and their staff. Given the present-day consumer rights desired order of business, the four questionable practices will unavoidably be disclosed. 2. Leadership budget hotel brands are steady and expressive in every facet of their communication This strategy ensures understanding. Whitbreads recent innovational TV promotion fully conforms to this approach. A reexamination study staged in April 2000 affirmed that the purposes set for this TV commercial were outmatched. The researchs outcomes demonstrated that: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Spontaneous awareness had risen from 12% in April 1999 to 26% in May 2000. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Prompted awareness had risen from 67% in April 1999 to 82% in May 2000. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ New logo recognition rose from 17% in April 1999 to 51% in May 2000. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Over the campaign period, there was a 16.5% increase in Central Reservation calls à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Over the year there had been a 99% increase in e-mail requests and a 900% increase in Web Site visitors. The site should take interactive bookings shortly. (Whitbread Marketing Department August, 2000, Pp. 12) The Whitbreads staff handbook on the other hand captures the effect of the brand which is apportioned among team players. These foreshortened extracts from Whitbreads staff handbook are a model of what ought to be carried out by other UK budget hotels. The book states: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Dare to care; Budget hotel staffs need to show considerateness, regard client as special so as to ensure that the brand transcends what is expected. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Keep it simple; Budget hotel staffs should not over-complicate matters; Whitbreads staff are informed that being informal helps them to communicate crush barriers. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Right first time; Budget hotel staffs ought to be passionate about the industry standards. The then Whitbreads CEO David Thomas (2000) got this Right First Time attribute right with an instance serving as a lesson for the budget hotel sector. Mr. Thomas said that Most of the budget hotel sector needs continuous investment in people. He said, This is an area where I believe we most frequently shoot ourselves in the foot. Putting a raw recruit with little or no training and, no experience, in front of a customer is unforgivable. In the end this is the most expensive option to take because we then have to find more raw recruits and more customers, because the experience demeans them both, (Thomas, D., 2000, Pp. 7). Thomas (2000) continued to say that by the budget hotels industry standards, Whitbread had comparatively a low staff turnover. According to Mr. Thomas, the investment of budget hotels in training and improvement, and competitive pay and considerations, are critical factors in the future of the budget hotel industry. These tools of the trade, Mr. Thomas said, shape the future of this industry. 3. Leadership budget hotel brands are dynamic, invariably adopting to meet new demands and remain pertinent In a 1998 brand re-launch, Project Catapult, Guy Parsons (1999) clearly redefined the brand proposition. In his speech, Parsons suggested a number of things that ought to be done by UK budget hotels that wish to have a sharp competitive edge. Parsons proposed that UK budget hotels need to have a constant duologue between the hotel and its customers. A succeeding UK budget hotel in terms of competitive edge should have the following characteristics: It should fit its general mission statement; It is should be grounded in fact, and there should prove to support it; It should have a good tonal fit in line with the most recent research findings; It should suggest the audaciousness and confidence of being a market leader It should state its attention for internal motivation It should state its clear focus concerning communication It should bear in mind that price is not the center though value should still be The UK budget hotel according to Parsons, G. (1999) should use the above measures to draw their competitive strategies. Budget Hotels Societal Roles to Achieve Competitive Advantage Leadership Budget Hotel brands have social responsibilities According to Whitbreads Chief Executive, David Thomas (2000), during The Joint Hospitality Industry Congress at the Gloucester Millennium Hotel, leadership brands hold beliefs, positions and, conduct which earn the respect of the people outside the brand. A few years before 2000, Travel Inn had been criticized by some players in the budget hotel industry, and by a good number of city market analysts, for missing the chance of making short-term profits in Travel Inn. The analysts attributed the cause to having one national price that Travel Inn applied each throughout the week. After Travel Inn sharpened its strategies, Travel Inn it has since developed to become among the UKs biggest branded hotel chains having 250 hotels and 12,500 rooms. As tabled earlier on this paper, Travel Inns tenancy is increasing across the brand relative to its returns. Thomas bases Travel Inns success on a win-win approach between the brand and its clients. 2. Budget Hotel brands leadership is earned not given Leadership budget hotel brands percolate the whole establishment; they are not merely the organizations label. Leadership budget hotel brands serve as a living model of how well to carry on, what activity to do to achieve the best, and how to perform into the future. Other UK budget hotel brands need to realize the groundbreaking and innovative strategies developed by Whitbread. In its inauguration, Travel Inn yipped that it was set to start up a totally innovational and path-breaking scheme which would play a role in further differentiating it, give its brand the first mover status as well as maintain its intention as The UKs Favorite place to Stay. Successfully, Travel Inn has lived to live its initiation dream. This thus serves as an example to other UK budget hotel brands; they should set their own societal goals, live by them so as to place them in a better competitive position (Parsons, G., 1999). The Future for the UK Budget Hotel Sector Mr. Robert C. Hazard, President Choice Hotels, in the year 1994 was quoted saying, the period 2000-2010 will be the most competitive in the history of the UK Budget Hotel industry..every lodge must become more market driven, improving its product to create a unique, sustainable competitive advantage and a perception of greater value amongst its guests (Porter, M., 1996, Pp. 61). Porter argued that strategic advantage may be earned via uniqueness. He said, A company can only outperform rivals if it can establish a difference that it can preserve. It must deliver greater value to customers or create comparable value at lower cost or do both (Porter, M., 1996, Pp. 67). Porter also acknowledges that through differentiation, arithmetical productivity leads to superior measure and lets a company to charge even higher normal prices per units. It also makes a company get more efficient results even in lower than normal costs per unit and all this enable a company to achieve a virtuous circle . Today, the quick development stage in lodging services decelerates as the market attains full development and becomes concentrated. Predictions place this development at an infiltration that is approximately between 20% and 25% in the hotel market in United Kingdom. The predictions have mentioned important presence in the developments at the waysides, in the outskirts, in inner-cities and also in London. The hotel market in UK will be noticeably defined by price and quality groupings, from the super- budget to upper-market economic systems. Most hotels that will be the mid-market contributors in the current cluster include, Holiday Inn Express, Premier Lodge, Travel Inn and Travel Lodge. These hotels are expected to have realized their strategic and network aspirations and to have also settled most present matters such as the telephone facilities in the hotel bedrooms, the extra conference and meeting rooms. These improvements should be carefully examined so as to meet the actual cus tomer prerequisites. Increment in competition is expected over the years and growth in supply is also expected to surpass the growth in demand. The stronger players are gradually expected to battle one another instead of just taking business from the lesser participants as presently (Pricewaterhouse, 2010). In 1998, the Vice President of Holiday Inn Express, Mr. Shane Harris remarked that, The budget sector is over supplied with non-branded, poor quality, inconsistent hotels. These will be overtaken by the branded budgets which are currently undersupplied, (Harris, S., 1998, Pp. 21). The renowned betting and control organization, Pricewaterhouse Coopers recognize Brands as the large components of an organizations incorporeal worth (July 2000). Pricewaterhouse Coopers also influence brands capability to improve stakeholder worth with trademark tactics in formulating competitive benefit. The trademarking idea has changed from product advertising to service advertising. Corporate brands should steadily mirr or the capabilities of the particular organization. Table 2 Literature Review Matrix Author/Focus Industry Recession Environ Share Advantage Strategy Social Future Deloitte Kleinwort, B McCaskey Michels Parker, A. Parsons, G. Porter, M. Pricewaterhouse Slattery, P. Solomon, M Tilley, C. THC Whitbread